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NCLEX RN· Full Length · ATI NCLEX-RN Practice Questions

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Showing all 10 practice questions with expert explanatory rationales.

Question 1 of 10

The physician of a client diagnosed with alcoholism orders neomycin 0.5 g q6h to prevent hepatic coma. Neomycin decreases serum ammonia levels by:

A. Decreasing nitrogen-forming bacteria in the intestines
B. Acidifying colon contents by causing ammonia retention in the colon
C. Decreasing the uptake of vitamin D, thereby drawing more water into the colon
D. Irritating the bowel and promoting evacuation of stool

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Decreasing nitrogen-forming bacteria in the intestines

Question 2 of 10

A murmur has been discovered during the routine physical examination of a 1-year-old child. The parent is extremely concerned about this diagnosis. Which of the following explanations by the nurse indicates understanding of this dysfunction?

A. The blood shifts from the right to the left atrium.
B. Surgical closure by suture or patch is recommended before school age.
C. Most atrial septal defects close spontaneously.
D. The child can be treated medically with antibiotics to prevent bacterial endocarditis.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Surgical closure by suture or patch is recommended before school age.

Question 3 of 10

The nurse is preparing to administer a dose of gentamicin (Garamycin) IV. Which laboratory value should the nurse check before administration?

A. Serum creatinine
B. White blood cell count
C. Hemoglobin
D. Platelet count

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Serum creatinine

Question 4 of 10

A client with a history of a liver transplant is receiving Tacrolimus (Prograf). The nurse should monitor the client for:

A. Nephrotoxicity
B. Hypotension
C. Hyperglycemia
D. Hair loss

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Nephrotoxicity

Question 5 of 10

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of hepatitis who is experiencing pruritis. Which would be the most appropriate nursing intervention?

A. Suggest that the client take warm showers.
B. Add baby oil to the client's bath water.
C. Apply powder to the client's skin.
D. Suggest a hot-water rinse after bathing.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Add baby oil to the client's bath water.

Question 6 of 10

Pregnant women with diabetes often have problems related to the effectiveness of insulin in controlling their glucose levels during their second half of pregnancy. The nurse teaches the client that this is due to:

A. Decreased glomerular filtration and increased tubular absorption
B. Decreased estrogen levels
C. Decreased progesterone levels
D. Increased human placental lactogen levels

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Increased human placental lactogen levels

Question 7 of 10

A client has had amniocentesis. One of the tests performed on the amniotic fluid is a lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio. The results show a ratio of 1:1. This is indicative of:

A. Lung immaturity
B. Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
C. Intrauterine infection
D. Neural tube defect

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Lung immaturity

Question 8 of 10

The nurse working in a clinic is reviewing the chart of a client with a probable anemia. Which would most likely indicate a deficiency in Vitamin B12?

A. Night cramps
B. Splenomegaly
C. Nausea
D. Cheilosis
E. Petechiae
F. Anorexia

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer:

Question 9 of 10

A child receiving chemotherapeutic drugs experiences a loss of appetite directly related to the therapy. Which of the following strategies should be most effective in encouraging the child to eat?

A. Provide a well-balanced diet at usual times, and restrict dessert if the child fails to eat well.
B. Schedule procedures immediately after eating so that the child will not be tired or in pain at mealtime.
C. Offer the child a diet with a wider variety of foods and with more seasoning than her usual diet.
D. Offer the child smaller meals more frequently than usual, and include as many of her favorite foods as possible.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Offer the child smaller meals more frequently than usual, and include as many of her favorite foods as possible.

Question 10 of 10

The nurse is caring for a client with a history of asthma. Which medication should the nurse anticipate being ordered for an acute asthma attack?

A. Albuterol (Proventil)
B. Prednisone (Deltasone)
C. Theophylline (Theo-Dur)
D. Montelukast (Singulair)

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Albuterol (Proventil)