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HESI LPN · HESI LPN Medical Surgical Nursing · HESI Questions on Gastrointestinal Tract

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Showing all 5 practice questions with expert explanatory rationales.

Question 1 of 5

Corticosteroid medications are associated with the development of peptic ulcers because of which probable pathophysiologic mechanism?

A. The enzyme urease is produced.

B. Secretion of hydrochloric acid is increased.

C. The rate of mucous cell renewal is decreased.

D. The synthesis of mucus and prostaglandins is inhibited.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: The synthesis of mucus and prostaglandins is inhibited.

Question 2 of 5

Which of these statements about the pharynx is true?

A. It extends from the nasal and oral cavities superiorly to the esophagus anteriorly.

B. The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.

C. The nasopharynx is involved in digestion.

D. The laryngopharynx is composed partially of cartilag

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: The oropharynx is continuous superiorly with the nasopharynx.

Question 3 of 5

Saliva decreases gingivitis and caries because it contains immunoglobulin A and

A. lysozymes.

B. mucus.

C. salivary amylase.

D. water.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: lysozymes.

Question 4 of 5

Water transport can occur from the lumen of the intestine to the blood stream, or from the blood stream to the intestinal lumen. Which single statement about this phenomenon, below, is actually correct?

A. A 'flip-flop' mechanism efficiently transports water directly across the enterocyte membrane

B. Water flows into the gut from the mucosa, during digestion of starch and protein, in order to reduce luminal osmolality

C. Water is mostly absorbed by movement between the cells lining the gut (enterocytes) via tight junctions

D. Dietary intake of water is always greater than water movement in the small intestine

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Water is mostly absorbed by movement between the cells lining the gut (enterocytes) via tight junctions

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is preparing to administer liquid laxative to a patient in preparation for a colonoscopy. Which action should the nurse take?

A. Offer a small snack.

B. Take the patient's temperature.

C. Mix the laxative with orange juice.

D. Chill the laxative and pour it over ice.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Chill the laxative and pour it over ice.

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