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ATI RN · ATI Medical Surgical · Gastrointestinal NCLEX Questions and Answers

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Showing all 5 practice questions with expert explanatory rationales.

Question 1 of 5

What physiologically occurs with vomiting?

A. The acid-base imbalance most commonly associated with persistent vomiting is metabolic acidosis caused by loss of bicarbonate.

B. Stimulation of the vomiting center by the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ) is commonly caused by stretch and distention of hollow organs.

C. Vomiting requires the coordination of activities of structures including the glottis, respiratory expiration, relaxation of the pylorus, and closure of the lower esophageal sphincter.

D. Immediately before the act of vomiting, activation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes increased salivation, increased gastric motility, and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Vomiting requires the coordination of activities of structures including the glottis, respiratory expiration, relaxation of the pylorus, and closure of the lower esophageal sphincter.

Question 2 of 5

A patient with cirrhosis asks the nurse about the possibility of a liver transplant. What is the best response by the nurse?

A. Liver transplants are indicated only in young people with irreversible liver disease.'

B. If you are interested in a transplant, you really should talk to your doctor about it.'

C. Rejection is such a problem in liver transplants that it is seldom attempted in patients with cirrhosis.'

D. Cirrhosis is an indication for transplantation in some cases. Have you talked to your doctor about this?'

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Cirrhosis is an indication for transplantation in some cases. Have you talked to your doctor about this?'

Question 3 of 5

An 8-month-old boy is reported by his mother to have had several episodes of 'colic' and she has noticed blood in his stools. Your examination is negative except for slight abdominal tenderness and moderate anemiWhich of the following is most likely?

A. pyloric stenosis

B. intestinal atresia

C. Meckel's diverticulum

D. Hirschsprung's disease

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Meckel's diverticulum

Question 4 of 5

Starch is broken down to its disaccharide, maltose, by the enzyme

A. lipase.

B. maltase.

C. lactase.

D. amylase.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: amylase.

Question 5 of 5

Diffuse intramural spread with extensive fibroblastic thickening is a morphologic pattern most characteristically associated with carcinoma of the:

A. esophagus

B. stomach

C. small intestine

D. appendix

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: stomach

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