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ATI RN · ATI Fundamentals · Nutrition and Fluid Balance

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Showing all 5 practice questions with expert explanatory rationales.

Question 1 of 5

Which of these actions would NOT be triggered by a drop in arterial blood pressure?

A. decrease of GFR

B. release of aldosterone

C. increase of sodium reabsorption

D. decrease of chloride excretion

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: increase of sodium reabsorption

Question 2 of 5

Recognizing the prevalence and incidence of dehydration among older adults, a care aide at a long-term care facility is in the habit of encouraging residents to drink even though they may not feel thirsty at the time. Which of the following facts underlies the care aide's advice?

A. Older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when serum sodium levels are high.

B. The metabolic needs for both fluid and sodium in older adults differ from those of younger individuals.

C. Regulation and maintenance of effective circulating volume by the kidneys is less effective in the elderly.

D. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is less able to facilitate sodium clearance in older adults.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Older adults often experience a decrease in the sensation of thirst, even when serum sodium levels are high.

Question 3 of 5

Stimuli for the activation of the RAS pathway include

A. low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron only

B. a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule only

C. high blood pressure in the renal artery only

D. low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: low blood pressure in arterioles in the nephron and a decrease in fluid flow through the distal tubule

Question 4 of 5

Which agent below does not cause an increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?

A. acetzolamide

B. paraldehyde

C. iron

D. aspirin

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: acetzolamide

Question 5 of 5

Which statement accurately describes buffering activities of the respiratory system?

A. The respiratory system can react to changes in pH within seconds by modifying the rate and depth of breathing.

B. When the pH of arterial blood increases, the respiratory system is reflexively triggered to decrease the depth and rate of breathing.

C. The respiratory system can only buffer against increases in arterial [H+].

D. The respiratory system can only counteract changes in pH that result from nonrespiratory causes.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: The respiratory system can react to changes in pH within seconds by modifying the rate and depth of breathing.

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