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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Nursing · Renal System Questions

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Showing all 5 practice questions with expert explanatory rationales.

Question 1 of 5

The descending limb of the Loop of Henle is permeable to water so water diffuses out of the descending limb into the interstitial fluid. What happens to this water?

A. it flows through the renal papillae into the minor calyces to become urine.

B. it diffuses into the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.

C. it diffuses into the peritubular capillaries and ascending vasa recta for return to the blood.

D. it diffuses into the filtrate for elimination from the body.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: it diffuses into the peritubular capillaries and ascending vasa recta for return to the blood.

Question 2 of 5

The nurse caring for a patient after cystoscopy plans that the patient

A. learns to request narcotics for pain.

B. understands to expect blood-tinged urine.

C. restricts activity to bed rest for 4 to 6 hours.

D. remains NPO for 8 hours to prevent vomiting.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: understands to expect blood-tinged urine.

Question 3 of 5

Which of the following would be a consequence of renal failure?

A. Decreased ability to synthesize red blood cells

B. Decreased ability to maintain plasma pH

C. Increased plasma [waste]

D. All of the above

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: All of the above

Question 4 of 5

A nurse is assessing a patient who underwent urinary catheterization and irrigations. What is a potential complication associated with these procedures?

A. development of kidney stones

B. increased risk of urinary urgency

C. development of nocturia

D. trauma to the urinary tract and infection

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: trauma to the urinary tract and infection

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is preparing to administer trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) to a patient who is being treated for a urinary tract infection. The nurse learns that the patient has type 2 diabetes mellitus and takes a sulfonylurea oral antidiabetic drug. The nurse will monitor this patient closely for which effect?

A. Headaches

B. Hypertension

C. Hypoglycemia

D. Superinfection

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Hypoglycemia

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