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ATI LPN · Medical Surgical Nursing · NCLEX Questions and Answers on Renal System

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Showing all 5 practice questions with expert explanatory rationales.

Question 1 of 5

A marathon runner comes into the clinic and states 'I have not urinated very much in the last few days.' The nurse notes a heart rate of 110 beats/min and a blood pressure of 86/58 mm Hg. Which action by the nurse is the priority?

A. Give the client a bottle of water immediately.

B. Start an intravenous line for fluids.

C. Teach the client to drink 2 to 3 liters of water daily.

D. Perform an electrocardiogram.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Give the client a bottle of water immediately.

Question 2 of 5

After teaching a client with nephrotic syndrome and a normal glomerular filtration, the nurse assesses the client's understanding. Which statement made by the client indicates a correct understanding of the nutritional therapy for this condition?

A. I must decrease my intake of fat.'

B. I will increase my intake of protein.'

C. A decreased intake of carbohydrates will be required.'

D. An increased intake of vitamin C is necessary.'

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: I will increase my intake of protein.'

Question 3 of 5

By what process(es) do water and solutes move from blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule?

A. diffusion

B. osmosis and diffusion

C. filtration

D. dialysis

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: filtration

Question 4 of 5

A patient hospitalized for orthopedic surgery had a urinary catheter inserted. The patient later develops a urinary tract infection and asks the nurse what caused it. What is the appropriate response by the nurse?

A. Bacteria probably ascended the catheter, causing the infection.

B. You probably did not void frequently enough.

C. There was a change in the pH of your urine.

D. There are always bacteria on your perineum that enter your urine.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Bacteria probably ascended the catheter, causing the infection.

Question 5 of 5

The nurse is caring for a 68-year-old hospitalized patient with a decreased glomerular filtration rate who is scheduled for an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Which action will be included in the plan of care?

A. Monitor the urine output after the procedure.

B. Assist with monitored anesthesia care (MAC).

C. Give oral contrast solution before the procedure.

D. Insert a large size urinary catheter before the IVP.

Expert Explanatory Rationale

Correct Answer: Monitor the urine output after the procedure.

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